Object-oriented programming (OOP)

Encapsulation: Bundling data with the methods that operate on that data, into a single unit of code.

Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details of a class.

Polymorphism: Objects of different types can be treated as the same type due to a common interface.

Inheritance: Allows a software component to inherit properties and behaviors of another component.

Composition: Combining simple objects to build more complex ones.

Association: A relationship between two components, where one uses or depends on the other.